Tag Archives: custom shaft

China Custom High Performance Ball Screw Fittings Quincunx Aluminum Alloy CZPT Elastic Servo Motor Ball Screw CNC Lathe Star CZPT Joint Shaft near me shop

Product Description

 

 

The ball screw assembly consists of a ball screw nut and a support seat at both ends of the rod. Its function is to convert rotating motion into straight motion or straight motion into rotating motion. Ball screws are widely used in various industrial equipment and precision instruments.
Ball screw accessories can also be purchased in our shop, or directly consult online customer service to help you buy

 

 

 

 

 
 

 

Company Profile

ZHangZhoug HangZhou KaiYaDe bearing co., LTD. Is a have many years experience of linear motion products professional manufacturers. We specialized in the production of straight axis, linear guide, ball screw, linear bearings, linear guide, ball screw end support, linear guide, CAM follower and of good quality and competitive price. My company is located in HangZhou city, zHangZhoug province, close to HangZhou port and HangZhou city.

Our Advantages

 

FAQ

 

 

1. Are you a factory or trading company?

We are the most competitive price and high quality professional manufacturers, has 12 years of experience.
2. What is your product range?
Specializing in the production of straight axis, linear bearings, linear guide, linear guide, ball screw, linear motion unit such as CAM follower.
3. Do you provide OEM&ODM service?
B: yes. Welcome OEM, ODM
4. How can I get some samples?
We are very honored to provide samples. You need to pay the freight and some sample fee.
5. How is the quality control of your factory?
We uphold the tenet of “quality is the future”, we have passed CE certification, we have strict quality control procedures.
6. How can I get quotation?
You can send below quotation or send email to us. You can contact us directly by TM or WhatsApp and Skype as you like. If you have an emergency, please call us at any time.

 

The Benefits of Spline Couplings for Disc Brake Mounting Interfaces

Spline couplings are commonly used for securing disc brake mounting interfaces. Spline couplings are often used in high-performance vehicles, aeronautics, and many other applications. However, the mechanical benefits of splines are not immediately obvious. Listed below are the benefits of spline couplings. We’ll discuss what these advantages mean for you. Read on to discover how these couplings work.

Disc brake mounting interfaces are splined

There are 2 common disc brake mounting interfaces – splined and six-bolt. Splined rotors fit on splined hubs; six-bolt rotors will need an adapter to fit on six-bolt hubs. The six-bolt method is easier to maintain and may be preferred by many cyclists. If you’re thinking of installing a disc brake system, it is important to know how to choose the right splined and center lock interfaces.
splineshaft

Aerospace applications

The splines used for spline coupling in aircraft are highly complex. While some previous researches have addressed the design of splines, few publications have tackled the problem of misaligned spline coupling. Nevertheless, the accurate results we obtained were obtained using dedicated simulation tools, which are not commercially available. Nevertheless, such tools can provide a useful reference for our approach. It would be beneficial if designers could use simple tools for evaluating contact pressure peaks. Our analytical approach makes it possible to find answers to such questions.
The design of a spline coupling for aerospace applications must be accurate to minimize weight and prevent failure mechanisms. In addition to weight reduction, it is necessary to minimize fretting fatigue. The pressure distribution on the spline coupling teeth is a significant factor in determining its fretting fatigue. Therefore, we use analytical and experimental methods to examine the contact pressure distribution in the axial direction of spline couplings.
The teeth of a spline coupling can be categorized by the type of engagement they provide. This study investigates the position of resultant contact forces in the teeth of a spline coupling when applied to pitch diameter. Using FEM models, numerical results are generated for nominal and parallel offset misalignments. The axial tooth profile determines the behavior of the coupling component and its ability to resist wear. Angular misalignment is also a concern, causing misalignment.
In order to assess wear damage of a spline coupling, we must take into consideration the impact of fretting on the components. This wear is caused by relative motion between the teeth that engage them. The misalignment may be caused by vibrations, cyclical tooth deflection, or angular misalignment. The result of this analysis may help designers improve their spline coupling designs and develop improved performance.
CZPT polyimide, an abrasion-resistant polymer, is a popular choice for high-temperature spline couplings. This material reduces friction and wear, provides a low friction surface, and has a low wear rate. Furthermore, it offers up to 50 times the life of metal on metal spline connections. For these reasons, it is important to choose the right material for your spline coupling.
splineshaft

High-performance vehicles

A spline coupler is a device used to connect splined shafts. A typical spline coupler resembles a short pipe with splines on either end. There are 2 basic types of spline coupling: single and dual spline. One type attaches to a drive shaft, while the other attaches to the gearbox. While spline couplings are typically used in racing, they’re also used for performance problems.
The key challenge in spline couplings is to determine the optimal dimension of spline joints. This is difficult because no commercial codes allow the simulation of misaligned joints, which can destroy components. This article presents analytical approaches to estimating contact pressures in spline connections. The results are comparable with numerical approaches but require special codes to accurately model the coupling operation. This research highlights several important issues and aims to make the application of spline couplings in high-performance vehicles easier.
The stiffness of spline assemblies can be calculated using tooth-like structures. Such splines can be incorporated into the spline joint to produce global stiffness for torsional vibration analysis. Bearing reactions are calculated for a certain level of misalignment. This information can be used to design bearing dimensions and correct misalignment. There are 3 types of spline couplings.
Major diameter fit splines are made with tightly controlled outside diameters. This close fit provides concentricity transfer from the male to the female spline. The teeth of the male spline usually have chamfered tips and clearance with fillet radii. These splines are often manufactured from billet steel or aluminum. These materials are renowned for their strength and uniform grain created by the forging process. ANSI and DIN design manuals define classes of fit.
splineshaft

Disc brake mounting interfaces

A spline coupling for disc brake mounting interfaces is a type of hub-to-brake-disc mount. It is a highly durable coupling mechanism that reduces heat transfer from the disc to the axle hub. The mounting arrangement also isolates the axle hub from direct contact with the disc. It is also designed to minimize the amount of vehicle downtime and maintenance required to maintain proper alignment.
Disc brakes typically have substantial metal-to-metal contact with axle hub splines. The discs are held in place on the hub by intermediate inserts. This metal-to-metal contact also aids in the transfer of brake heat from the brake disc to the axle hub. Spline coupling for disc brake mounting interfaces comprises a mounting ring that is either a threaded or non-threaded spline.
During drag brake experiments, perforated friction blocks filled with various additive materials are introduced. The materials included include Cu-based powder metallurgy material, a composite material, and a Mn-Cu damping alloy. The filling material affects the braking interface’s wear behavior and friction-induced vibration characteristics. Different filling materials produce different types of wear debris and have different wear evolutions. They also differ in their surface morphology.
Disc brake couplings are usually made of 2 different types. The plain and HD versions are interchangeable. The plain version is the simplest to install, while the HD version has multiple components. The two-piece couplings are often installed at the same time, but with different mounting interfaces. You should make sure to purchase the appropriate coupling for your vehicle. These interfaces are a vital component of your vehicle and must be installed correctly for proper operation.
Disc brakes use disc-to-hub elements that help locate the forces and displace them to the rim. These elements are typically made of stainless steel, which increases the cost of manufacturing the disc brake mounting interface. Despite their benefits, however, the high braking force loads they endure are hard on the materials. Moreover, excessive heat transferred to the intermediate elements can adversely affect the fatigue life and long-term strength of the brake system.

China Custom High Performance Ball Screw Fittings Quincunx Aluminum Alloy CZPT Elastic Servo Motor Ball Screw CNC Lathe Star CZPT Joint Shaft near me shop China Custom High Performance Ball Screw Fittings Quincunx Aluminum Alloy CZPT Elastic Servo Motor Ball Screw CNC Lathe Star CZPT Joint Shaft near me shop

China Good quality China Cardan Shaft Applied in Petroleum with Free Design Custom

Product Description

HangZhou Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Cardanshaft Co.,LTD is a leading professional manufacturer of universal shafts in China. Our company has focused on the research and  development, design and manufacture of the oil machinery cardan shafts for 15 years.  
The cardan shafts  of different kinds are widely used in domestic large oil enterprises such as Sinopec, PetroChina Xihu (West Lake) Dis. Oilfield Company, HangZhouang Tarim Oilfield Company, HangZhou Chinese oil ,and other domestic oil production enterprises.Now it is out of the country, the products are exported to North America, the Middle East and other regions. The design of the universal shaft used in the 70L, 50L, 80L and other drilling rigs, including the turntable universal shafts, diesel engine universal shafts, mud pump universal shafts.
Oil wells are in the field of production, the production environment is extremely bad, and it is difficult to ensure the universal shafts for more than 180 days of uninterrupted work. To this end, our  company specially designed the cross axis assembly of the sealing structure, almost reached the maintenance free. In addition, according to the customers’  different kinds of requestments, special connection modes of universal shafts with high coaxial, flexible joints, easy installation, perfect after-sales service are made.
The following table for SWC Medium-sized Universal Shaft Parameters. 

Designs

Data and Sizes of SWC Series Universal Joint Couplings

Type Design
Data
Item		 SWC160 SWC180 SWC200 SWC225 SWC250 SWC265 SWC285 SWC315 SWC350 SWC390 SWC440 SWC490 SWC550 SWC620
A L 740 800 900 1000 1060 1120 1270 1390 1520 1530 1690 1850 2060 2280
LV 100 100 120 140 140 140 140 140 150 170 190 190 240 250
M(kg) 65 83 115 152 219 260 311 432 610 804 1122 1468 2154 2830
B L 480 530 590 640 730 790 840 930 100 1571 1130 1340 1400 1520
M(kg) 44 60 85 110 160 180 226 320 440 590 820 1090 1560 2100
C L 380 420 480 500 560 600 640 720 782 860 1040 1080 1220 1360
M(kg) 35 48 66 90 130 160 189 270 355 510 780 970 1330 1865
D L 520 580 620 690 760 810 860 970 1030 1120 1230 1360 1550 1720
M(kg) 48 65 90 120 173 220 250 355 485 665 920 1240 1765 2390
E L 800 850 940 1050 1120 1180 1320 1440 1550 1710 1880 2050 2310 2540
LV 100 100 120 140 140 140 140 140 150 170 190 190 240 250
M(kg) 70 92 126 165 238 280 340 472 660 886 1230 1625 2368 3135
  Tn(kN·m) 16 22.4 31.5 40 63 80 90 125 180 250 355 500 710 1000
  TF(kN·m) 8 11.2 16 20 31.5 40 45 63 90 125 180 250 355 500
  Β(°) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
  D 160 180 200 225 250 265 285 315 350 390 440 490 550 620
  Df 160 180 200 225 250 265 285 315 350 3690 440 490 550 620
  D1 137 155 170 196 218 233 245 280 310 345 390 435 492 555
  D2(H9) 100 105 120 135 150 160 170 185 210 235 255 275 320 380
  D3 108 114 140 159 168 180 194 219 245 273 299 325 402 426
  Lm 95 105 110 125 140 150 160 180 195 215 260 270 305 340
  K 16 17 18 20 25 25 27 32 35 40 42 47 50 55
  T 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 8 10 12 12 12
  N 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 16 16 16 16
  D 15 17 17 17 19 19 21 23 23 25 28 31 31 38
  B 20 24 32 32 40 40 40 40 50 70 80 90 100 100
  G 6.0 7.0 9.0 9.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 15.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.5 22.5 25
  MI(Kg) 2.57 3 3.85 3.85 5.17 6 6.75 8.25 10.6 13 18.50 23.75 29.12 38.08
  Size M14 M16 M16 M16 M18 M18 M20 M22 M22 M24 M27 M30 M30 M36
  Tightening torque(Nm) 180 270 270 270 372 372 526 710 710 906 1340 1820 1820 3170

1. Notations: 
L=Standard length, or compressed length for designs with length compensation; 
LV=Length compensation; 
M=Weight; 
Tn=Nominal torque(Yield torque 50% over Tn); 
TF=Fatigue torque, I. E. Permissible torque as determined according to the fatigue strength
Under reversing loads; 
β=Maximum deflection angle; 
MI=weight per 100mm tube
2. Millimeters are used as measurement units except where noted; 
3. Please consult us for customizations regarding length, length compensation and
Flange connections. 
(DIN or SAT etc. )
 

Stiffness and Torsional Vibration of Spline-Couplings

In this paper, we describe some basic characteristics of spline-coupling and examine its torsional vibration behavior. We also explore the effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling. These results will assist in the design of improved spline-coupling systems for various applications. The results are presented in Table 1.
splineshaft

Stiffness of spline-coupling

The stiffness of a spline-coupling is a function of the meshing force between the splines in a rotor-spline coupling system and the static vibration displacement. The meshing force depends on the coupling parameters such as the transmitting torque and the spline thickness. It increases nonlinearly with the spline thickness.
A simplified spline-coupling model can be used to evaluate the load distribution of splines under vibration and transient loads. The axle spline sleeve is displaced a z-direction and a resistance moment T is applied to the outer face of the sleeve. This simple model can satisfy a wide range of engineering requirements but may suffer from complex loading conditions. Its asymmetric clearance may affect its engagement behavior and stress distribution patterns.
The results of the simulations show that the maximum vibration acceleration in both Figures 10 and 22 was 3.03 g/s. This results indicate that a misalignment in the circumferential direction increases the instantaneous impact. Asymmetry in the coupling geometry is also found in the meshing. The right-side spline’s teeth mesh tightly while those on the left side are misaligned.
Considering the spline-coupling geometry, a semi-analytical model is used to compute stiffness. This model is a simplified form of a classical spline-coupling model, with submatrices defining the shape and stiffness of the joint. As the design clearance is a known value, the stiffness of a spline-coupling system can be analyzed using the same formula.
The results of the simulations also show that the spline-coupling system can be modeled using MASTA, a high-level commercial CAE tool for transmission analysis. In this case, the spline segments were modeled as a series of spline segments with variable stiffness, which was calculated based on the initial gap between spline teeth. Then, the spline segments were modelled as a series of splines of increasing stiffness, accounting for different manufacturing variations. The resulting analysis of the spline-coupling geometry is compared to those of the finite-element approach.
Despite the high stiffness of a spline-coupling system, the contact status of the contact surfaces often changes. In addition, spline coupling affects the lateral vibration and deformation of the rotor. However, stiffness nonlinearity is not well studied in splined rotors because of the lack of a fully analytical model.
splineshaft

Characteristics of spline-coupling

The study of spline-coupling involves a number of design factors. These include weight, materials, and performance requirements. Weight is particularly important in the aeronautics field. Weight is often an issue for design engineers because materials have varying dimensional stability, weight, and durability. Additionally, space constraints and other configuration restrictions may require the use of spline-couplings in certain applications.
The main parameters to consider for any spline-coupling design are the maximum principal stress, the maldistribution factor, and the maximum tooth-bearing stress. The magnitude of each of these parameters must be smaller than or equal to the external spline diameter, in order to provide stability. The outer diameter of the spline must be at least 4 inches larger than the inner diameter of the spline.
Once the physical design is validated, the spline coupling knowledge base is created. This model is pre-programmed and stores the design parameter signals, including performance and manufacturing constraints. It then compares the parameter values to the design rule signals, and constructs a geometric representation of the spline coupling. A visual model is created from the input signals, and can be manipulated by changing different parameters and specifications.
The stiffness of a spline joint is another important parameter for determining the spline-coupling stiffness. The stiffness distribution of the spline joint affects the rotor’s lateral vibration and deformation. A finite element method is a useful technique for obtaining lateral stiffness of spline joints. This method involves many mesh refinements and requires a high computational cost.
The diameter of the spline-coupling must be large enough to transmit the torque. A spline with a larger diameter may have greater torque-transmitting capacity because it has a smaller circumference. However, the larger diameter of a spline is thinner than the shaft, and the latter may be more suitable if the torque is spread over a greater number of teeth.
Spline-couplings are classified according to their tooth profile along the axial and radial directions. The radial and axial tooth profiles affect the component’s behavior and wear damage. Splines with a crowned tooth profile are prone to angular misalignment. Typically, these spline-couplings are oversized to ensure durability and safety.

Stiffness of spline-coupling in torsional vibration analysis

This article presents a general framework for the study of torsional vibration caused by the stiffness of spline-couplings in aero-engines. It is based on a previous study on spline-couplings. It is characterized by the following 3 factors: bending stiffness, total flexibility, and tangential stiffness. The first criterion is the equivalent diameter of external and internal splines. Both the spline-coupling stiffness and the displacement of splines are evaluated by using the derivative of the total flexibility.
The stiffness of a spline joint can vary based on the distribution of load along the spline. Variables affecting the stiffness of spline joints include the torque level, tooth indexing errors, and misalignment. To explore the effects of these variables, an analytical formula is developed. The method is applicable for various kinds of spline joints, such as splines with multiple components.
Despite the difficulty of calculating spline-coupling stiffness, it is possible to model the contact between the teeth of the shaft and the hub using an analytical approach. This approach helps in determining key magnitudes of coupling operation such as contact peak pressures, reaction moments, and angular momentum. This approach allows for accurate results for spline-couplings and is suitable for both torsional vibration and structural vibration analysis.
The stiffness of spline-coupling is commonly assumed to be rigid in dynamic models. However, various dynamic phenomena associated with spline joints must be captured in high-fidelity drivetrain models. To accomplish this, a general analytical stiffness formulation is proposed based on a semi-analytical spline load distribution model. The resulting stiffness matrix contains radial and tilting stiffness values as well as torsional stiffness. The analysis is further simplified with the blockwise inversion method.
It is essential to consider the torsional vibration of a power transmission system before selecting the coupling. An accurate analysis of torsional vibration is crucial for coupling safety. This article also discusses case studies of spline shaft wear and torsionally-induced failures. The discussion will conclude with the development of a robust and efficient method to simulate these problems in real-life scenarios.
splineshaft

Effect of spline misalignment on rotor-spline coupling

In this study, the effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline coupling is investigated. The stability boundary and mechanism of rotor instability are analyzed. We find that the meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling increases nonlinearly with spline thickness. The results demonstrate that the misalignment is responsible for the instability of the rotor-spline coupling system.
An intentional spline misalignment is introduced to achieve an interference fit and zero backlash condition. This leads to uneven load distribution among the spline teeth. A further spline misalignment of 50um can result in rotor-spline coupling failure. The maximum tensile root stress shifted to the left under this condition.
Positive spline misalignment increases the gear mesh misalignment. Conversely, negative spline misalignment has no effect. The right-handed spline misalignment is opposite to the helix hand. The high contact area is moved from the center to the left side. In both cases, gear mesh is misaligned due to deflection and tilting of the gear under load.
This variation of the tooth surface is measured as the change in clearance in the transverse plain. The radial and axial clearance values are the same, while the difference between the 2 is less. In addition to the frictional force, the axial clearance of the splines is the same, which increases the gear mesh misalignment. Hence, the same procedure can be used to determine the frictional force of a rotor-spline coupling.
Gear mesh misalignment influences spline-rotor coupling performance. This misalignment changes the distribution of the gear mesh and alters contact and bending stresses. Therefore, it is essential to understand the effects of misalignment in spline couplings. Using a simplified system of helical gear pair, Hong et al. examined the load distribution along the tooth interface of the spline. This misalignment caused the flank contact pattern to change. The misaligned teeth exhibited deflection under load and developed a tilting moment on the gear.
The effect of spline misalignment in rotor-spline couplings is minimized by using a mechanism that reduces backlash. The mechanism comprises cooperably splined male and female members. One member is formed by 2 coaxially aligned splined segments with end surfaces shaped to engage in sliding relationship. The connecting device applies axial loads to these segments, causing them to rotate relative to 1 another.

China Good quality China Cardan Shaft Applied in Petroleum with Free Design CustomChina Good quality China Cardan Shaft Applied in Petroleum with Free Design Custom

China Custom Pto Shaft Yokes for Tractor with Great quality

Product Description

pto shaft yokes for tractor

 

1.High quality

2.CNC machine with strick tolerance

3.Professional shaft manufacturer

4.Acid resistant

  

 

Using Auto part, machine, transmission system, steering system
Structure            Shaft with universal joints
Materials Steel, stainless steel, alloy steel
Treatment drill, mill, wire-electrode cutting, weld, heat treatment
Surface

Coated or natural
business sphere all kinds drive shafts, steering shaft, universal joints can be custom made

Features:
    1. We have been specialized in designing, manufacturing drive shaft, steering coupler shaft, universal joints, which have exported to the USA, Europe, Australia etc for years  
    2.  Application to all kinds of general mechanical situation
    3.  Our products are of high intensity and rigidity.
    4.  Heat resistant & Acid resistant
    5. OEM orders are welcomed

 

 

1. Power or torque related to alternating load you require.
 

 

 

Power-rating

size

540 r.p.m.

1000 r.p.m.

torque [Nm]

power [CV]

torque [Nm]

power [CV]

series 1

210

16

170

24

series 2

280

21

230

32

series 3

400

30

320

45

series 4

460

35

380

53

series 5

620

47

500

70

series 6

830

64

690

98

series 7

980

75

800

113

series 8

1240

95

1000

140

 

 

 

2.Cross journal(Universal joint) size which decides torque of a PTO Shaft:
 

 

 

Cross journal  size

Ref.

A                           mm

B                         mm

Series 1

1.01.01

54

22

Series 2

2.01.01

61.3

23.8

Series 3

3.01.01

70

27

Series 4

4.01.01

74.6

27

Series 5

5.01.01

80

30.2

Series 6

6.01.01

92

30.2

Series 7N

7N.01.01

94

35

Series 7

7.01.01

106.5

30.2

Series 8

8.01.01

106.5

35

 

3 Closed overall length (or cross to cross) of a PTO shaft.

 

 

 

4 Tubes or Pipes

 

We’ve already got Triangular profile tube and Lemon profile tube for all the series we provide.

 

And we have some star tube, splined tube and other profile tubes required by our customers (for a certain series). (Please notice that our catalog doesnt contain all the items we produce)

 

If you want tubes other than triangular or lemon, please provide drawings or pictures.

 

 

 

5 End yokes

 

We’ve got several types of quick release yokes and plain bore yoke. I will suggest the usual type for your reference.

 

You can also send drawings or pictures to us if you cannot find your item in our catalog.

 

 

 

6 Safety devices or clutches

 

I will attach the details of safety devices for your reference. We’ve already have Free wheel (RA), Ratchet torque limiter(SA), Shear bolt torque limiter(SB), 3types of friction torque limiter (FF,FFS,FCS) and overrunning couplers(adapters) (FAS).

 

 

 

7 For any other more special requirements with plastic guard, connection method, color of painting, package, etc., please feel free to let me know.

How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings

There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
splineshaft

Involute splines

An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
splineshaft

Stiffness of coupling

The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.

Misalignment

To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
splineshaft

Wear and fatigue failure

The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.

China Custom Pto Shaft Yokes for Tractor with Great qualityChina Custom Pto Shaft Yokes for Tractor with Great quality

China Custom Factory Production Pto Shaft CZPT for Rotary Tiller Parts with Good quality

Product Description

Factory production pto shaft coupling for rotary tiller parts
1. Tubes or Pipes
We’ve already got Triangular profile tube and Lemon profile tube for all the series we provide.
And we have some star tube, splined tube and other profile tubes required by our customers (for a certain series). (Please notice that our catalog doesnt contain all the items we produce)
If you want tubes other than triangular or lemon, please provide drawings or pictures.

2.End yokes
We’ve got several types of quick release yokes and plain bore yoke. I will suggest the usual type for your reference.
You can also send drawings or pictures to us if you cannot find your item in our catalog.

3. Safety devices or clutches
I will attach the details of safety devices for your reference. We’ve already have Free wheel (RA), Ratchet torque limiter(SA), Shear bolt torque limiter(SB), 3types of friction torque limiter (FF,FFS,FCS) and overrunning couplers(adapters) (FAS).

4.For any other more special requirements with plastic guard, connection method, color of painting, package, etc., please feel free to let me know.

Features: 
1. We have been specialized in designing, manufacturing drive shaft, steering coupler shaft, universal joints, which have exported to the USA, Europe, Australia etc for years 
2. Application to all kinds of general mechanical situation 
3. Our products are of high intensity and rigidity. 
4. Heat resistant & Acid resistant 
5. OEM orders are welcomed

Our factory is a leading manufacturer of PTO shaft yoke and universal joint.

We manufacture high quality PTO yokes for various vehicles, construction machinery and equipment. All products are constructed with rotating lighter.

We are currently exporting our products throughout the world, especially to North America, South America, Europe, and Russia. If you are interested in any item, please do not hesitate to contact us. We are looking forward to becoming your suppliers in the near future.

 

Analytical Approaches to Estimating Contact Pressures in Spline Couplings

A spline coupling is a type of mechanical connection between 2 rotating shafts. It consists of 2 parts – a coupler and a coupling. Both parts have teeth which engage and transfer loads. However, spline couplings are typically over-dimensioned, which makes them susceptible to fatigue and static behavior. Wear phenomena can also cause the coupling to fail. For this reason, proper spline coupling design is essential for achieving optimum performance.
splineshaft

Modeling a spline coupling

Spline couplings are becoming increasingly popular in the aerospace industry, but they operate in a slightly misaligned state, causing both vibrations and damage to the contact surfaces. To solve this problem, this article offers analytical approaches for estimating the contact pressures in a spline coupling. Specifically, this article compares analytical approaches with pure numerical approaches to demonstrate the benefits of an analytical approach.
To model a spline coupling, first you create the knowledge base for the spline coupling. The knowledge base includes a large number of possible specification values, which are related to each other. If you modify 1 specification, it may lead to a warning for violating another. To make the design valid, you must create a spline coupling model that meets the specified specification values.
After you have modeled the geometry, you must enter the contact pressures of the 2 spline couplings. Then, you need to determine the position of the pitch circle of the spline. In Figure 2, the centre of the male coupling is superposed to that of the female spline. Then, you need to make sure that the alignment meshing distance of the 2 splines is the same.
Once you have the data you need to create a spline coupling model, you can begin by entering the specifications for the interface design. Once you have this data, you need to choose whether to optimize the internal spline or the external spline. You’ll also need to specify the tooth friction coefficient, which is used to determine the stresses in the spline coupling model 20. You should also enter the pilot clearance, which is the clearance between the tip 186 of a tooth 32 on 1 spline and the feature on the mating spline.
After you have entered the desired specifications for the external spline, you can enter the parameters for the internal spline. For example, you can enter the outer diameter limit 154 of the major snap 54 and the minor snap 56 of the internal spline. The values of these parameters are displayed in color-coded boxes on the Spline Inputs and Configuration GUI screen 80. Once the parameters are entered, you’ll be presented with a geometric representation of the spline coupling model 20.

Creating a spline coupling model 20

The spline coupling model 20 is created by a product model software program 10. The software validates the spline coupling model against a knowledge base of configuration-dependent specification constraints and relationships. This report is then input to the ANSYS stress analyzer program. It lists the spline coupling model 20’s geometric configurations and specification values for each feature. The spline coupling model 20 is automatically recreated every time the configuration or performance specifications of the spline coupling model 20 are modified.
The spline coupling model 20 can be configured using the product model software program 10. A user specifies the axial length of the spline stack, which may be zero, or a fixed length. The user also enters a radial mating face 148, if any, and selects a pilot clearance specification value of 14.5 degrees or 30 degrees.
A user can then use the mouse 110 to modify the spline coupling model 20. The spline coupling knowledge base contains a large number of possible specification values and the spline coupling design rule. If the user tries to change a spline coupling model, the model will show a warning about a violation of another specification. In some cases, the modification may invalidate the design.
In the spline coupling model 20, the user enters additional performance requirement specifications. The user chooses the locations where maximum torque is transferred for the internal and external splines 38 and 40. The maximum torque transfer location is determined by the attachment configuration of the hardware to the shafts. Once this is selected, the user can click “Next” to save the model. A preview of the spline coupling model 20 is displayed.
The model 20 is a representation of a spline coupling. The spline specifications are entered in the order and arrangement as specified on the spline coupling model 20 GUI screen. Once the spline coupling specifications are entered, the product model software program 10 will incorporate them into the spline coupling model 20. This is the last step in spline coupling model creation.
splineshaft

Analysing a spline coupling model 20

An analysis of a spline coupling model consists of inputting its configuration and performance specifications. These specifications may be generated from another computer program. The product model software program 10 then uses its internal knowledge base of configuration dependent specification relationships and constraints to create a valid three-dimensional parametric model 20. This model contains information describing the number and types of spline teeth 32, snaps 34, and shoulder 36.
When you are analysing a spline coupling, the software program 10 will include default values for various specifications. The spline coupling model 20 comprises an internal spline 38 and an external spline 40. Each of the splines includes its own set of parameters, such as its depth, width, length, and radii. The external spline 40 will also contain its own set of parameters, such as its orientation.
Upon selecting these parameters, the software program will perform various analyses on the spline coupling model 20. The software program 10 calculates the nominal and maximal tooth bearing stresses and fatigue life of a spline coupling. It will also determine the difference in torsional windup between an internal and an external spline. The output file from the analysis will be a report file containing model configuration and specification data. The output file may also be used by other computer programs for further analysis.
Once these parameters are set, the user enters the design criteria for the spline coupling model 20. In this step, the user specifies the locations of maximum torque transfer for both the external and internal spline 38. The maximum torque transfer location depends on the configuration of the hardware attached to the shafts. The user may enter up to 4 different performance requirement specifications for each spline.
The results of the analysis show that there are 2 phases of spline coupling. The first phase shows a large increase in stress and vibration. The second phase shows a decline in both stress and vibration levels. The third stage shows a constant meshing force between 300N and 320N. This behavior continues for a longer period of time, until the final stage engages with the surface.
splineshaft

Misalignment of a spline coupling

A study aimed to investigate the position of the resultant contact force in a spline coupling engaging teeth under a steady torque and rotating misalignment. The study used numerical methods based on Finite Element Method (FEM) models. It produced numerical results for nominal conditions and parallel offset misalignment. The study considered 2 levels of misalignment – 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm – with different loading levels.
The results showed that the misalignment between the splines and rotors causes a change in the meshing force of the spline-rotor coupling system. Its dynamics is governed by the meshing force of splines. The meshing force of a misaligned spline coupling is related to the rotor-spline coupling system parameters, the transmitting torque, and the dynamic vibration displacement.
Despite the lack of precise measurements, the misalignment of splines is a common problem. This problem is compounded by the fact that splines usually feature backlash. This backlash is the result of the misaligned spline. The authors analyzed several splines, varying pitch diameters, and length/diameter ratios.
A spline coupling is a two-dimensional mechanical system, which has positive backlash. The spline coupling is comprised of a hub and shaft, and has tip-to-root clearances that are larger than the backlash. A form-clearance is sufficient to prevent tip-to-root fillet contact. The torque on the splines is transmitted via friction.
When a spline coupling is misaligned, a torque-biased thrust force is generated. In such a situation, the force can exceed the torque, causing the component to lose its alignment. The two-way transmission of torque and thrust is modeled analytically in the present study. The analytical approach provides solutions that can be integrated into the design process. So, the next time you are faced with a misaligned spline coupling problem, make sure to use an analytical approach!
In this study, the spline coupling is analyzed under nominal conditions without a parallel offset misalignment. The stiffness values obtained are the percentage difference between the nominal pitch diameter and load application diameter. Moreover, the maximum percentage difference in the measured pitch diameter is 1.60% under a torque of 5000 N*m. The other parameter, the pitch angle, is taken into consideration in the calculation.

China Custom Factory Production Pto Shaft CZPT for Rotary Tiller Parts with Good qualityChina Custom Factory Production Pto Shaft CZPT for Rotary Tiller Parts with Good quality

China supplier Non-Standard SWC620A-3500 Cardan Shaft with Free Design Custom

Product Description

Who we are?
HangZhou XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS. CARDANSHAFT CO;LTD has 15 years history.When the general manager Mr.Rony Du graduated from the university,he always concentrated his attention on the research and development,production and sales of the cardan shaft.Mr.Rony Du and his team started from scratch,from 1 lathe and a very small order,step by step to grow up.He often said to his team”We will only do 1 thing well——to make the perfect cardan shaft”.
                                                           
HangZhou XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS. CARDANSHAFT CO.,LTD was founded in 2005.The registered capital is 8 million ,covers an area of 15 acres, has 30 existing staff. The company specializing in the production of SWC, SWP cross universal coupling and drum tooth coupling.The company with factory is located in the beautiful coast of Tai Lake –Hudai (HangZhou Economic Development Zone Hudai Industrial Park).
In order to become China’s leading cardan shaft one-stop solution expert supplier .XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS. CARDANSHAFT independent research and development of SWC light, medium, short, heavy Designs cardan shaft have reached the leading domestic level.Products not only supporting domestic large and medium-sized customers, but also exported to the United States, India, Vietnam, Laos, Ukraine, Russia, Germany, Britain and other countries and areas.In the past 15 years, the company has accumulated a wealth of experience, learn from foreign advanced technology, and to absorb and use the universal axis has been improved several times, so that the structure is maturing, significantly improved performance.
  
XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS. belief: “Continuous innovation, optimize the structure, perseverance” to create a high quality of outstanding cardan shaft manufacturer.We always adhere to the ISO9001 quality control system, from the details to start, standardize the production process, and to achieve processing equipment “specialization, numerical control” rapid increase in product quality.This Not only won the majority of customers reputation, but also access to peer recognition. We continue to strive to pursue: “for customers to create the greatest value, for the staff to build the best platform”, will be CZPT to achieve customer and business mutually beneficial CZPT situation.

Why choose us?
First,select raw material carefully
 
The cross is the core component of cardan shaft,so the selection of material is particularly critical.Raw materials of the cross for light Duty Size and Medium Duty Size,we choose the 20CrMnTi special gear steel bar from SHAGANG GROUP.Being forged in 2500 ton friction press to ensure internal metallurgical structure,inspecting the geometric dimensions of each part to meet the drawing requirements,then transfer to machining,the processes of milling, turning, quenching and grinding.
 
The inspector will screen blank yoke head.The porosity, cracks, slag, etc. do not meet the requirements of the casting foundry are all eliminated,then doing physical and chemical analysis, to see whether the ingredients meet the requirements, unqualified re-elimination.And then transferred to the quenching and tempering heat treatment, once again check the hardness to see if meet the requirements, qualified to be transferred to the machining process. We control from the source of the material to ensure the supply of raw materials qualified rate of 99%.
 
  
 
Second,advanced production equipment
XIHU (WEST LAKE) DIS. Company introduced four-axis linkage machining center made in ZheJiang , milling the keyway and flange bolt hole of the flange yoke, The once machine-shaping ensures that the symmetry of the keyway and the position of the bolt hole are less than 0.02mm,which greatly improves the installation accuracy of the flange,the 4 axis milling and drilling center holes of the cross are integrated,to ensure that the 4 shaft symmetry and verticality are less than 0.02mm,the process of the journal cross assembly service life can be increased by 30%, and the speed at 1000 rpm above the cardan shaft running smoothly and super life is crucial to the operation.
 
We use CNC machine to lathe flange yoke and welded yoke,CNC machine can not only ensure the accuracy of the flange connection with the mouth, but also improve the flange surface finish.
 
5 meters automatic welding machine welding spline sleeve and tube,welded yoke and tube.With the welding CZPT swing mechanism, automatic lifting mechanism, adjustment mechanism and welding CZPT cooling system, welding machine can realize multi ring continuous welding, each coil current and voltage can be preset, arc starting and stopping control PLC procedures, reliable welding quality, the weld bead is smooth and beautiful, to control the welding process with fixed procedures, greatly reducing the uncertainty of human during welding, greatly improve the welding effect.
 
 
High speed cardan shaft needs to do dynamic balance test before leaving the factory.Unbalanced cardan shaft will produce excessive centrifugal force at high speed and reduce the service life of the bearing;the dynamic balance test can eliminate the uneven distribution of the casting weight and the mass distribution of the whole assembly;Through the experiment to achieve the design of the required balance quality, improve the universal shaft service life.In 2008 the company introduced 2 high-precision dynamic balance test bench, the maximum speed can reach 4000 rev / min, the balance of G0.8 accuracy, balance weight 2kg–1000kg.
 
In order to make the paint standardization, in 2009 the company bought 10 meters of clean paint room , the surface treatment of cardan shaft is more standardized, paint fastness is more rugged, staff’s working conditions improved, exhaust of harmless treatment.

Third,Professional transport packaging
 
 The packing of the export cardan shaft is all in the same way as the plywood wooden box, and then it is firmly secured with the iron sheet, so as to avoid the damage caused by the complicated situation in the long-distance transportation. Meet the standard requirements of plywood boxes into Europe and other countries, no matter where can successfully reach all the country’s ports.

The following table for SWC Medium-sized Universal Shaft Parameters. 
Designs

Data and Sizes of SWCZ Series Universal Joint Couplings

e Design
Data
Item		 SWC160 SWC180 SWC200 SWC225 SWC250 SWC265 SWC285 SWC315 SWC350 SWC390 SWC440 SWC490 SWC550 SWC620
A L 740 800 900 1000 1060 1120 1270 1390 1520 1530 1690 1850 2060 2280
LV 100 100 120 140 140 140 140 140 150 170 190 190 240 250
M(kg) 65 83 115 152 219 260 311 432 610 804 1122 1468 2154 2830
B L 480 530 590 640 730 790 840 930 100 1571 1130 1340 1400 1520
M(kg) 44 60 85 110 160 180 226 320 440 590 820 1090 1560 2100
C L 380 420 480 500 560 600 640 720 782 860 1040 1080 1220 1360
M(kg) 35 48 66 90 130 160 189 270 355 510 780 970 1330 1865
D L 520 580 620 690 760 810 860 970 1030 1120 1230 1360 1550 1720
M(kg) 48 65 90 120 173 220 250 355 485 665 920 1240 1765 2390
E L 800 850 940 1050 1120 1180 1320 1440 1550 1710 1880 2050 2310 2540
LV 100 100 120 140 140 140 140 140 150 170 190 190 240 250
M(kg) 70 92 126 165 238 280 340 472 660 886 1230 1625 2368 3135
  Tn(kN·m) 16 22.4 31.5 40 63 80 90 125 180 250 355 500 710 1000
  TF(kN·m) 8 11.2 16 20 31.5 40 45 63 90 125 180 250 355 500
  Β(°) 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15
  D 160 180 200 225 250 265 285 315 350 390 440 490 550 620
  Df 160 180 200 225 250 265 285 315 350 3690 440 490 550 620
  D1 137 155 170 196 218 233 245 280 310 345 390 435 492 555
  D2(H9) 100 105 120 135 150 160 170 185 210 235 255 275 320 380
  D3 108 114 140 159 168 180 194 219 245 273 299 325 402 426
  Lm 95 105 110 125 140 150 160 180 195 215 260 270 305 340
  K 16 17 18 20 25 25 27 32 35 40 42 47 50 55
  T 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 8 10 12 12 12
  N 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 16 16 16 16
  D 15 17 17 17 19 19 21 23 23 25 28 31 31 38
  B 20 24 32 32 40 40 40 40 50 70 80 90 100 100
  G 6.0 7.0 9.0 9.0 12.5 12.5 12.5 15.0 16.0 18.0 20.0 22.5 22.5 25
  MI(Kg) 2.57 3 3.85 3.85 5.17 6 6.75 8.25 10.6 13 18.50 23.75 29.12 38.08
  Size M14 M16 M16 M16 M18 M18 M20 M22 M22 M24 M27 M30 M30 M36
  Tightening torque(Nm) 180 270 270 270 372 372 526 710 710 906 1340 1820 1820 3170

1. Notations: 
L=Standard length, or compressed length for designs with length compensation; 
LV=Length compensation; 
M=Weight; 
Tn=Nominal torque(Yield torque 50% over Tn); 
TF=Fatigue torque, I. E. Permissible torque as determined according to the fatigue strength
Under reversing loads; 
Β=Maximum deflection angle; 
MI=weight per 100mm tube
2. Millimeters are used as measurement units except where noted; 
3. Please consult us for customizations regarding length, length compensation and
Flange connections. 
(DIN or SAT etc. )

How to Calculate Stiffness, Centering Force, Wear and Fatigue Failure of Spline Couplings

There are various types of spline couplings. These couplings have several important properties. These properties are: Stiffness, Involute splines, Misalignment, Wear and fatigue failure. To understand how these characteristics relate to spline couplings, read this article. It will give you the necessary knowledge to determine which type of coupling best suits your needs. Keeping in mind that spline couplings are usually spherical in shape, they are made of steel.
splineshaft

Involute splines

An effective side interference condition minimizes gear misalignment. When 2 splines are coupled with no spline misalignment, the maximum tensile root stress shifts to the left by 5 mm. A linear lead variation, which results from multiple connections along the length of the spline contact, increases the effective clearance or interference by a given percentage. This type of misalignment is undesirable for coupling high-speed equipment.
Involute splines are often used in gearboxes. These splines transmit high torque, and are better able to distribute load among multiple teeth throughout the coupling circumference. The involute profile and lead errors are related to the spacing between spline teeth and keyways. For coupling applications, industry practices use splines with 25 to 50-percent of spline teeth engaged. This load distribution is more uniform than that of conventional single-key couplings.
To determine the optimal tooth engagement for an involved spline coupling, Xiangzhen Xue and colleagues used a computer model to simulate the stress applied to the splines. The results from this study showed that a “permissible” Ruiz parameter should be used in coupling. By predicting the amount of wear and tear on a crowned spline, the researchers could accurately predict how much damage the components will sustain during the coupling process.
There are several ways to determine the optimal pressure angle for an involute spline. Involute splines are commonly measured using a pressure angle of 30 degrees. Similar to gears, involute splines are typically tested through a measurement over pins. This involves inserting specific-sized wires between gear teeth and measuring the distance between them. This method can tell whether the gear has a proper tooth profile.
The spline system shown in Figure 1 illustrates a vibration model. This simulation allows the user to understand how involute splines are used in coupling. The vibration model shows 4 concentrated mass blocks that represent the prime mover, the internal spline, and the load. It is important to note that the meshing deformation function represents the forces acting on these 3 components.
splineshaft

Stiffness of coupling

The calculation of stiffness of a spline coupling involves the measurement of its tooth engagement. In the following, we analyze the stiffness of a spline coupling with various types of teeth using 2 different methods. Direct inversion and blockwise inversion both reduce CPU time for stiffness calculation. However, they require evaluation submatrices. Here, we discuss the differences between these 2 methods.
The analytical model for spline couplings is derived in the second section. In the third section, the calculation process is explained in detail. We then validate this model against the FE method. Finally, we discuss the influence of stiffness nonlinearity on the rotor dynamics. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each method. We present a simple yet effective method for estimating the lateral stiffness of spline couplings.
The numerical calculation of the spline coupling is based on the semi-analytical spline load distribution model. This method involves refined contact grids and updating the compliance matrix at each iteration. Hence, it consumes significant computational time. Further, it is difficult to apply this method to the dynamic analysis of a rotor. This method has its own limitations and should be used only when the spline coupling is fully investigated.
The meshing force is the force generated by a misaligned spline coupling. It is related to the spline thickness and the transmitting torque of the rotor. The meshing force is also related to the dynamic vibration displacement. The result obtained from the meshing force analysis is given in Figures 7, 8, and 9.
The analysis presented in this paper aims to investigate the stiffness of spline couplings with a misaligned spline. Although the results of previous studies were accurate, some issues remained. For example, the misalignment of the spline may cause contact damages. The aim of this article is to investigate the problems associated with misaligned spline couplings and propose an analytical approach for estimating the contact pressure in a spline connection. We also compare our results to those obtained by pure numerical approaches.

Misalignment

To determine the centering force, the effective pressure angle must be known. Using the effective pressure angle, the centering force is calculated based on the maximum axial and radial loads and updated Dudley misalignment factors. The centering force is the maximum axial force that can be transmitted by friction. Several published misalignment factors are also included in the calculation. A new method is presented in this paper that considers the cam effect in the normal force.
In this new method, the stiffness along the spline joint can be integrated to obtain a global stiffness that is applicable to torsional vibration analysis. The stiffness of bearings can also be calculated at given levels of misalignment, allowing for accurate estimation of bearing dimensions. It is advisable to check the stiffness of bearings at all times to ensure that they are properly sized and aligned.
A misalignment in a spline coupling can result in wear or even failure. This is caused by an incorrectly aligned pitch profile. This problem is often overlooked, as the teeth are in contact throughout the involute profile. This causes the load to not be evenly distributed along the contact line. Consequently, it is important to consider the effect of misalignment on the contact force on the teeth of the spline coupling.
The centre of the male spline in Figure 2 is superposed on the female spline. The alignment meshing distances are also identical. Hence, the meshing force curves will change according to the dynamic vibration displacement. It is necessary to know the parameters of a spline coupling before implementing it. In this paper, the model for misalignment is presented for spline couplings and the related parameters.
Using a self-made spline coupling test rig, the effects of misalignment on a spline coupling are studied. In contrast to the typical spline coupling, misalignment in a spline coupling causes fretting wear at a specific position on the tooth surface. This is a leading cause of failure in these types of couplings.
splineshaft

Wear and fatigue failure

The failure of a spline coupling due to wear and fatigue is determined by the first occurrence of tooth wear and shaft misalignment. Standard design methods do not account for wear damage and assess the fatigue life with big approximations. Experimental investigations have been conducted to assess wear and fatigue damage in spline couplings. The tests were conducted on a dedicated test rig and special device connected to a standard fatigue machine. The working parameters such as torque, misalignment angle, and axial distance have been varied in order to measure fatigue damage. Over dimensioning has also been assessed.
During fatigue and wear, mechanical sliding takes place between the external and internal splines and results in catastrophic failure. The lack of literature on the wear and fatigue of spline couplings in aero-engines may be due to the lack of data on the coupling’s application. Wear and fatigue failure in splines depends on a number of factors, including the material pair, geometry, and lubrication conditions.
The analysis of spline couplings shows that over-dimensioning is common and leads to different damages in the system. Some of the major damages are wear, fretting, corrosion, and teeth fatigue. Noise problems have also been observed in industrial settings. However, it is difficult to evaluate the contact behavior of spline couplings, and numerical simulations are often hampered by the use of specific codes and the boundary element method.
The failure of a spline gear coupling was caused by fatigue, and the fracture initiated at the bottom corner radius of the keyway. The keyway and splines had been overloaded beyond their yield strength, and significant yielding was observed in the spline gear teeth. A fracture ring of non-standard alloy steel exhibited a sharp corner radius, which was a significant stress raiser.
Several components were studied to determine their life span. These components include the spline shaft, the sealing bolt, and the graphite ring. Each of these components has its own set of design parameters. However, there are similarities in the distributions of these components. Wear and fatigue failure of spline couplings can be attributed to a combination of the 3 factors. A failure mode is often defined as a non-linear distribution of stresses and strains.

China supplier Non-Standard SWC620A-3500 Cardan Shaft with Free Design CustomChina supplier Non-Standard SWC620A-3500 Cardan Shaft with Free Design Custom

China supplier Maictop Car Accessories Left Axle Drive Shaft 43420-0E060 For Highlander ASU40 with Free Design Custom

Product: HIGHLANDER / KLUGER (_U4_), for HIGHLANDER (ASU4_, GSU4_)
Yr: 2007-, 2009-
OE NO.: 43420-0E060
Vehicle Fitment: Toyota
Dimension: 17*14*14cm
Material: Steel
Product Quantity: 43420-0E060
Guarantee: twelve Months
Automobile Make: For HIGHLANDER
Item Title: Drive Shaft
Brand: MAICTOP
MOQ: 1pc
Packing: Neutral Packing
Packaging Information: Neutral Packing

itemvalueOE NO.43420-0E060Size17*fourteen*14cmMaterialSteelWarranty12MonthsBrand NameMAICTOPPlace of OriginChinaZHangZhougCar MakeFor HIGHLANDER Year2009-Modelfor HIGHLANDER (ASU4_, GSU4_)Product NameDrive ShaftBrandMAICTOPMOQ1pcPackingNeutral Packing Company Profile HangZhou Fantastic Auto Elements Co., Ltd. is located in southern China’s biggest car areas market place.Have been dedicated to establishing and selling Car elements, and putting ourselves to clients’ footwear to solve their requires, our firm is largely engaged in car suspensions, ball joints, electricity steering pumps, steerings, brake pads and other series items. What’s far more, our goods are exported to North The usa, the Center East, Southeast Asia, Russia, Door Rollers 304 Stainless Nylon Pulley Sliding Gate Wheel For Door Roller For Sliding Glass Door Europe, and many others. Trough loyal pursuit for high good quality, our personal products have been identified and acquired a good popularity in the market. Our firm regards “good quality initial” as a management principle. We warmly welcome all customers and friends contact us to establish a CZPT co-procedure relationship. Packing & Supply FAQ 1. who are we?We are based mostly in ZheJiang , China, begin from 2016,market to Africa(30.00%),Mid East(20.00%),South The us(fifteen.00%),Eastern Europe(ten.00%),Southeast Asia(5.00%),Domestic Marketplace(5.00%),North The usa(5.00%),South Asia(5.00%),Eastern Asia(5.00%). There are overall about eleven-fifty individuals in our office.2. how can we assure high quality?Constantly a pre-generation sample ahead of mass productionAlways final Inspection prior to shipment3.what can you buy from us?SUSPENSION Management ARM, gearbox for heart pivot irrigation method Equipment Box for Valley Pivots alternative for Zimmatic Center Travel DRIVING SHAFT,BRAKE CALIPER,BRAKE DISC,SHOCK ABSORBERS4. why need to you acquire from us not from other suppliers?We have 20 a long time knowledge in automobile components ,we are professional5. what solutions can we supply?Recognized Shipping and delivery Phrases: FOB,EXW,Express Shipping and delivery,DAF；Accepted Payment Currency:USD,EUR,CNYAccepted Payment Kind: T/T,MoneyGram,Credit Card,Western Union,CashLanguage Spoken:English,Chinese,French

Distinct parts of the travel shaft

The driveshaft is the flexible rod that transmits torque amongst the transmission and the differential. The phrase travel shaft might also refer to a cardan shaft, a transmission shaft or a propeller shaft. Components of the travel shaft are assorted and include:
The driveshaft is a versatile rod that transmits torque from the transmission to the differential

When the driveshaft in your automobile starts off to fall short, you must seek out specialist assist as shortly as attainable to fix the problem. A damaged driveshaft can usually be listened to. This sound appears like “tak tak” and is typically much more pronounced during sharp turns. Nevertheless, if you cannot hear the sound although driving, you can verify the situation of the auto yourself.
The push shaft is an important portion of the auto transmission method. It transfers torque from the transmission to the differential, which then transfers it to the wheels. The program is intricate, but nonetheless crucial to the proper operating of the automobile. It is the adaptable rod that connects all other elements of the drivetrain. The driveshaft is the most important portion of the drivetrain, and knowing its perform will make it simpler for you to appropriately keep your vehicle.
Driveshafts are utilized in various vehicles, which includes entrance-wheel drive, 4-wheel travel, and front-motor rear-wheel drive. Generate shafts are also employed in bikes, locomotives and ships. Typical entrance-engine, rear-wheel travel vehicle configurations are shown below. The kind of tube used depends on the size, velocity and toughness of the push shaft.
The output shaft is also supported by the output website link, which has two similar supports. The upper portion of the drive module supports a big tapered roller bearing, although the reverse flange end is supported by a parallel roller bearing. This makes certain that the torque transfer between the differentials is successful. If you want to find out a lot more about car differentials, go through this article.
air-compressor

It is also identified as cardan shaft, propeller shaft or drive shaft

A propshaft or propshaft is a mechanical ingredient that transmits rotation or torque from an engine or transmission to the entrance or rear wheels of a motor vehicle. Due to the fact the axes are not straight connected to each and every other, it should let relative movement. Simply because of its position in propelling the automobile, it is essential to realize the factors of the driveshaft. Below are some common types.
Isokinetic Joint: This variety of joint guarantees that the output speed is the same as the input speed. To attain this, it need to be mounted again-to-back on a plane that bisects the push angle. Then mount the two gimbal joints again-to-back and change their relative positions so that the velocity changes at 1 joint are offset by the other joint.
Driveshaft: The driveshaft is the transverse shaft that transmits energy to the front wheels. Driveshaft: The driveshaft connects the rear differential to the transmission. The shaft is part of a drive shaft assembly that consists of a travel shaft, a slip joint, and a universal joint. This shaft gives rotational torque to the drive shaft.
Dual Cardan Joints: This variety of driveshaft employs two cardan joints mounted again-to-back. The centre yoke replaces the intermediate shaft. For the duplex common joint to operate effectively, the angle among the input shaft and the output shaft need to be equal. After aligned, the two axes will operate as CV joints. An enhanced version of the dual gimbal is the Thompson coupling, which gives marginally more effectiveness at the price of extra complexity.
air-compressor

It transmits torque at distinct angles in between driveline elements

A vehicle’s driveline is made up of numerous elements that transmit energy from the motor to the wheels. This includes axles, propshafts, CV joints and differentials. Jointly, these elements transmit torque at distinct angles among driveline factors. A car’s powertrain can only operate effectively if all its parts operate in harmony. Without these elements, energy from the engine would end at the transmission, which is not the case with a automobile.
The CV driveshaft layout offers smoother operation at greater functioning angles and extends differential and transfer situation lifestyle. The assembly’s central pivot point intersects the joint angle and transmits clean rotational power and area pace through the drivetrain. In some situations, the C.V. “U” connector. Generate shafts are not the very best decision since the joint angles of the “U” joints are often significantly unequal and can lead to torsional vibration.
Driveshafts also have diverse names, including driveshafts. A car’s driveshaft transfers torque from the transmission to the differential, which is then distributed to other driveline parts. A power take-off (PTO) shaft is comparable to a prop shaft. They transmit mechanical power to linked elements. They are essential to the efficiency of any auto. If any of these components are damaged, the whole drivetrain will not perform appropriately.
A car’s powertrain can be sophisticated and tough to keep. Incorporating vibration to the drivetrain can trigger untimely put on and shorten general lifestyle. This driveshaft tip focuses on driveshaft assembly, procedure, and maintenance, and how to troubleshoot any issues that may possibly come up. Incorporating appropriate options to soreness factors can extend the lifestyle of the driveshaft. If you happen to be in the industry for a new or utilized automobile, be sure to read this write-up.

it consists of numerous areas

“It consists of numerous areas” is one of seven tiny prints. This phrase is made up of ten letters and is one particular of the toughest phrases to say. Even so, it can be discussed just by comparing it to a cow’s kidney. The cocoa bean has numerous parts, and the inside of the cocoa bean before bursting has distinctive lines. This report will go over the distinct areas of the cocoa bean and provide a fun way to understand a lot more about the phrase.
air-compressor

Substitute is costly

Changing a car’s driveshaft can be an expensive affair, and it’s not the only element that requirements servicing. A damaged drive shaft can also cause other issues. This is why getting estimates from different restore stores is vital. Frequently, a simple repair is less costly than replacing the whole device. Outlined under are some suggestions for saving income when changing a driveshaft. Outlined under are some of the fees connected with repairs:
1st, find out how to determine if your automobile demands a driveshaft alternative. Broken driveshaft components can trigger intermittent or lack of electrical power. Moreover, improperly put in or assembled driveshaft parts can lead to issues with the day-to-day procedure of the vehicle. Every time you suspect that your automobile wants a driveshaft fix, look for expert advice. A skilled mechanic will have the understanding and experience necessary to properly fix the dilemma.
Second, know which elements require servicing. Check out the u-joint bushing. They need to be free of crumbs and not cracked. Also, examine the middle assistance bearing. If this portion is damaged, the total push shaft needs to be replaced. Last but not least, know which components to exchange. The upkeep price of the travel shaft is substantially decrease than the routine maintenance value. Finally, figure out if the repaired driveshaft is suited for your car.
If you suspect your driveshaft requirements services, make an appointment with a repair store as shortly as possible. If you are enduring vibration and rough riding, driveshaft repairs might be the ideal way to stop expensive repairs in the long term. Also, if your vehicle is going through abnormal sound and vibration, a driveshaft repair may be a fast and straightforward answer. If you will not know how to diagnose a dilemma with your auto, you can consider it to a mechanic for an appointment and a estimate.

China supplier Maictop Car Accessories Left Axle Drive Shaft 43420-0E060 For Highlander ASU40 with Free Design CustomChina supplier Maictop Car Accessories Left Axle Drive Shaft 43420-0E060 For Highlander ASU40 with Free Design Custom

China Good quality High torque low noise helical parallel shaft gear drive motor speed reducer for crane and hoist with Free Design Custom

Relevant Industries: Manufacturing Plant, Equipment Fix Stores, Foodstuff & Beverage Manufacturing unit, Retail, Factory Directly Sell Customized Machining Elements Cnc Turning Parts Stainless Steel Dowel Pin Knurled Pin Construction works , Power & Mining
Gearing Arrangement: Helical
Output Torque: up to 18000Nm
Input Speed: 650-3360RPM
Output Speed: .15~270rpm
Content of housing: HT250 forged iron
Substance of gear: 20CrMnTi with higher precision grinding
gear surfcae finishing: between16.-3.2μm
Content of shaft: 40Cr with carburizing and quenching
Warranty: 12months
Enter structure: IEC flange, direct with motor, shaft input
Lubricant: Shell Omala220 or equal
Gear Ratio: any ratio personalized manufactured
OEM support: obtainable
Application: packing equipment, Entrance control arm reduced bushing package Rubber PU bushing meals procedure, raise, crane, agitator, Higher high quality Excavator Diesel Motor E320C E320D S6K c6.4 c6.6 Double-groove Crankshaft pulley For CZPT Diesel Engine CAT feeder
Packaging Particulars: Export Common wood circumstance, plywooden circumstance with pallet
Port: HangZhou/ZheJiang

KINGEAR-transmission further-slender parallel shaft helical geared motors are the best answer when area is minimal. The several distinct measurements and types make certain that the gearbox can be employed a wide variety of applications even underneath the most unfavorable problems. KINGEAR Parallel shaft helical gear reducer are usually utilised in conveyor and supplies processing purposes.
Foot-mounted or Flange-mounted or shaft-mounted as set up choices.
SPECIFICAITON

Housing materials
High-energy cast iron HT250

Gear materials
20CrMnTi

Enter Electrical power
.twelve-200KW

Output Torque
3.5-21700N.m

Output Velocity
5-371 RPM

Equipment Precision
7 to 6 stage

Equipment Surface hardness
HRC58°-62°

Enter/Output shaft hardness
HB220-250

Sounds(Max)
sixty-70dB

Tem.increase(Max)
40°C

Tem.increase(Oil Max)
50°C

Vibration
≤20um

Backlash
≤20Arcmin

Effeciency
Solitary phase ninety eight%, Double-stage:ninety six%, A few-stage:94%

Mounting Position
Foot / Flange Mounting

Motor
IP55, v pulley taper lock bush 1108 F Class

Why Examining the Travel Shaft is Important

If you hear clicking noises whilst driving, your driveshaft may possibly need restore. An experienced mechanic can inform if the noise is coming from 1 aspect or each sides. This problem is usually related to the torque converter. Go through on to learn why it’s so important to have your driveshaft inspected by an vehicle mechanic. Right here are some symptoms to appear for. Clicking noises can be brought on by many distinct things. You need to first check out if the noise is coming from the entrance or the rear of the car.
air-compressor

hollow generate shaft

Hollow driveshafts have a lot of positive aspects. They are light and decrease the general excess weight of the motor vehicle. The largest producer of these factors in the world is CZPT. They also offer you lightweight solutions for different programs, such as substantial-functionality axles. CZPT driveshafts are produced employing condition-of-the-artwork technologies. They provide outstanding top quality at aggressive charges.
The internal diameter of the hollow shaft reduces the magnitude of the internal forces, therefore reducing the quantity of torque transmitted. Not like strong shafts, hollow shafts are obtaining stronger. The substance within the hollow shaft is slightly lighter, which additional minimizes its weight and overall torque. Even so, this also will increase its drag at large speeds. This implies that in numerous apps hollow driveshafts are not as efficient as sound driveshafts.
A traditional hollow generate shaft consists of a 1st rod fourteen and a second rod fourteen on the two sides. The initial rod is linked with the second rod, and the next rod extends in the rotation route. The two rods are then friction welded to the central region of ​​the hollow shaft. The frictional heat generated in the course of the relative rotation assists to join the two areas. Hollow push shafts can be utilized in internal combustion engines and environmentally-friendly automobiles.
The principal benefit of a hollow driveshaft is fat reduction. The splines of the hollow drive shaft can be designed to be scaled-down than the outside diameter of the hollow shaft, which can significantly lessen fat. Hollow shafts are also much less probably to jam in comparison to reliable shafts. Hollow driveshafts are predicted to ultimately occupy the planet industry for automotive driveshafts. Its positive aspects consist of fuel effectiveness and better adaptability in comparison to sound prop shafts.

Cardan shaft

Cardan shafts are a well-known selection in industrial machinery. They are utilised to transmit power from 1 device to an additional and are offered in a range of sizes and designs. They are available in a selection of supplies, including steel, copper, and aluminum. If you prepare to install one particular of these shafts, it is essential to know the various types of Cardan shafts offered. To locate the best option, look through the catalog.
Telescopic or “Cardan” prop shafts, also identified as U-joints, are perfect for successful torque transfer among the travel and output program. They are productive, lightweight, and vitality-successful. They employ advanced techniques, like finite aspect modeling (FEM), to guarantee greatest overall performance, fat, and effectiveness. Moreover, the Cardan shaft has an adjustable size for effortless repositioning.
Yet another popular selection for driveshafts is the Cardan shaft, also recognized as a driveshaft. The purpose of the driveshaft is to transfer torque from the motor to the wheels. They are normally utilised in large-functionality automobile engines. Some types are produced of brass, iron, or steel and have distinctive area designs. Cardan shafts are offered in inclined and parallel configurations.
Solitary Cardan shafts are a widespread replacement for standard Cardan shafts, but if you are searching for twin Cardan shafts for your motor vehicle, you will want to decide on the 1310 collection. This kind is great for lifted jeeps and demands a CV-suitable transfer situation. Some even need axle spacers. The twin Cardan shafts are also made for lifts, which indicates it truly is a good choice for increasing and lowering jeeps.
air-compressor

universal joint

Cardan joints are a good option for drive shafts when running at a continual velocity. Their layout makes it possible for a constant angular velocity ratio among the input and output shafts. Dependent on the software, the recommended velocity restrict might range relying on the working angle, transmission electricity, and application. These tips have to be based on pressure. The maximum permissible velocity of the push shaft is established by deciding the angular acceleration.
Simply because gimbal joints do not demand grease, they can previous a extended time but at some point fall short. If they are poorly lubricated or dry, they can cause metallic-to-steel contact. The very same is true for U-joints that do not have oil filling ability. Although they have a long lifespan, it can be hard to location warning signs that could point out impending joint failure. To keep away from this, check the push shaft routinely.
U-joints must not exceed seventy percent of their lateral critical velocity. Nonetheless, if this velocity is exceeded, the element will expertise unacceptable vibration, lowering its valuable lifestyle. To establish the ideal U-joint for your software, you should get in touch with your common joint provider. Generally, reduced speeds do not demand balancing. In these circumstances, you must think about using a greater pitch diameter to reduce axial power.
To reduce the angular velocity and torque of the output shaft, the two joints need to be in phase. Consequently, the output shaft angular displacement does not totally comply with the enter shaft. Rather, it will direct or lag. Determine 3 illustrates the angular velocity variation and peak displacement lead of the gimbal. The ratios are proven underneath. The appropriate torque for this application is 1360 in-Ibs.

Refurbished push shaft

Refurbished driveshafts are a very good decision for a amount of causes. They are less costly than brand name new alternate options and usually just as dependable. Driveshafts are crucial to the perform of any auto, truck, or bus. These parts are produced of hollow metallic tubes. Although this assists reduce excess weight and expenditure, it is vulnerable to external influences. If this occurs, it may possibly crack or bend. If the shaft suffers this sort of hurt, it can result in critical damage to the transmission.
A car’s driveshaft is a critical part that transmits torque from the engine to the wheels. A1 Push Shaft is a international supplier of automotive driveshafts and associated components. Their manufacturing facility has the capacity to refurbish and fix nearly any make or model of driveshafts. Refurbished driveshafts are offered for each make and product of motor vehicle. They can be identified on the market place for a variety of vehicles, such as passenger cars, trucks, vans, and SUVs.
Strange noises indicate that your driveshaft requirements to be replaced. Worn U-joints and bushings can result in abnormal vibration. These components trigger dress in on other parts of the drivetrain. If you recognize any of these signs, please get your motor vehicle to the AAMCO Bay Spot Centre for a complete inspection. If you suspect hurt to the driveshaft, never hold out yet another moment – it can be very unsafe.
air-compressor

The price of changing the push shaft

The value of replacing a driveshaft differs, but on typical, this mend expenses amongst $two hundred and $1,500. Whilst this value might range by automobile, the cost of parts and labor is normally equal. If you do the fix oneself, you need to know how considerably the elements and labor will cost before you start function. Some components can be a lot more pricey than other folks, so it’s a excellent notion to examine the value of numerous locations ahead of choosing exactly where to go.
If you notice any of these indicators, you need to look for a mend store instantly. If you are still not certain if the driveshaft is ruined, do not travel the automobile any length right up until it is repaired. Signs and symptoms to look for consist of lack of electricity, trouble shifting the car, squeaking, clanking, or vibrating when the car is moving.
Parts employed in travel shafts contain heart assistance bearings, slip joints, and U-joints. The price of the driveshaft differs by vehicle and could differ by design of the identical 12 months. Also, various sorts of driveshafts require diverse repair strategies and are considerably more high-priced. Total, even though, a driveshaft substitution costs amongst $three hundred and $1,300. The procedure may consider about an hour, based on the automobile model.
Several elements can lead to the require to replace the travel shaft, which includes bearing corrosion, destroyed seals, or other elements. In some instances, the U-joint indicates that the drive shaft demands to be replaced. Even if the bearings and u-joints are in very good problem, they will at some point split and need the replacement of the travel shaft. Nevertheless, these elements are not low cost, and if a destroyed driveshaft is a symptom of a even bigger issue, you should get the time to change the shaft.

China Good quality High torque low noise helical parallel shaft gear drive motor speed reducer for crane and hoist with Free Design CustomChina Good quality High torque low noise helical parallel shaft gear drive motor speed reducer for crane and hoist with Free Design Custom